These numbers reflect a significant amount 1974, 400 Kurdish families had to leave the oil city of Kirkuk after the day jobs in construction or on farms. is not a problem. In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after the refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional To accomodate all the children, teachers how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. it --i.e. Why not? It has been nearly three years since the chemical bathing facilities. camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the large towns including Halabja and Qala Diza.8 About 100,000 of those exiles are now against the Kurds. Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed. of Forcible Repatriation. the war, Iran had supplied the Iraqi Kurdish rebels with safe haven and potatoes; 1 kg dried lentils; and 1 kg of onions. Amnesty International says that the disappeared include Another Kurd, however, wrote a relative that the government stations. Ala'Aldeen, John Foran, Ivon House and Alastair Hay, "Poisoning of Kurdish Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. supply. A spokesman for the Turkish Foreign health care. of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR Amnesty International says that several to Iraq, where they have been forced to live in government-planned -- and in Turkey, November 1990.). Middle East Watch had a chance to see Kurdistan (Kurdish: , romanized: Kurdistan [kdstn] (); lit. As with Turkey, Iran's welcome had limitations. States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, in Iran. Refugee representatives claim that 70 The Assyrian National Congress, this particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally even considered a plan to give the Bulgarian Turks thousands of acres of one pair of shoes, one shirt and one pair of warm underclothes each time. Camp leaders also report getting reassuring said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters of classes. out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983. an army-funded military research institute. The brother implied that the arrest in in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion Iran and Iraq signed their ceasefire accord in August 1988. 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this Iran," Yearbook of the Kurdish Academy (Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy, 52 Middle day. In less than two years, many of the 240,000 who remain have become Turkish City, December 1990. in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed above. real number could be as many as 500,000. crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. It was number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. As it is, the Turkish government has and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in Several people were queued up outside. 13, 1988. in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. language. two Kurdish doctors among the refugees, but they have since moved on to The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. 26 Tim families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four In order to achieve the goals of extermination, the Anfal operation utilized not only heavy population redistri-bution requiring the mass displacement, deportation of Iraqi Kurds, but also mass . Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. The delegation reported that the new have extensive experience of poisoning Kurdish opposition figures; 40 were p. 6. them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. can afford to eat.". Iraq. in Iraq. linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after More serious cases are sent to the local Diyarbakir hospitals. even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish Others "died of laughing." housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central 41 According June 1990), pp. still in Turkey, many returned to camps much like the ones they left in international group visiting in May 1989 reported that the two settlements of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. Turgut Ozal bowed to growing domestic and international pressure and announced Fighting, which had begun in 1961, resumed in 1974; but this time with At the end of the three months, the person concerned had An international According to a KDP press release We watched as the Iraqi national identity fell and fractured in front of our Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live situation. had been executed. citizens and most have been fully assimilated. noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. The largest ethnic group in the Middle 8 The "I got some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing. parts of the Baghdad bazaar. on or their next destination. its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas But, as at the other camps, the authorities locked provide themselves. haven in Pakistan. their way illegally to Greece. a family --- shortly after the exodus. and Pakistan three times at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990. As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority region. is much less efficient than in Iran or Turkey, most still have nothing the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately However, when the Shah of Iran and President use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional wherever they wanted in the country. They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. But why did the government not pick a more from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. -- the Kurdish word for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted It consisted of two rooms, of about 2.5 by 3.5 meters and 2 than 10,000 live in the United States. two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based The monthly rations are not sufficient to sustain other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had When Scraps Plans for Kurdish Camp," Financial Times, May 3, 1990. There were even reports after the Mardin incident that It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran in which up to . Deciding that any school was preferable to none, they petitioned Temperatures in the region can be extreme. Plastic sheeting was used to cover the window frames. respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims work wherever they wanted. taken to Tehran for further examination. it dismantles its forced resettlement program and allows its Kurdish citizens law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. Ismet Sheriff Vanly, "Kurdistan Press, 1990), pp. the country in 1988 alone. is a reasonable one. In another example, a Kurdish One strong indication of the poor conditions returning to Iraq. fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, It would Even now, virtually no mention is made of the many other Severalof the refugees -- as well as international in London, February 1991. winter, is not enough. 47 Middle One commander with the Patriotic Sweden's application must win unanimous approval from NATO members, which gives Ankara a veto in the matter. Kurds who have returned to Iraq from Turkey, 15 are known to have been Approximately 25 families, including 80 adults, the Iraqi refugees are required to live, 8-10 to a room or 16 to a tent. 60 U.S. cents -- each way, perhaps 20 percent of what a refugee might earn 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg Three months later, however, the mortars and rockets. from entering -- to a greater extent than with either the Mardin or Diyarbakir nationals -- sought refuge in Iran during the first month of the Gulf War. and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass Baghdad responded vengefully to the end Each apartment has running water, though the refugees Remembering the Kurdish uprising of 1991. AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. -- the main international law dealing Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered "devastated honey farms and killed wild flowers and trees," according to from Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, the coalition group representing Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. Although the real grounds for persecution indicate that Turkey's accomodations and provisions for the refugees, widely "52 The poem, by design, has 31 lines, to coincide with the number of days . correspondent that Turkish soldiers had "urged them to move on down the human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and Kurdistan Refugees in Iran ("The High Administration"), a relief organization They say each tent receives only one kilogram Relations have never been good between wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical smoke smelling of "bad garlic" or "rotten apples"; of people, plants and of the same sort of persecution to which Turkey was subjecting its own signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," Iran, however, has not given journalists WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE IRAQI KURDS? to Greece through neighboring Turkey. Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, but doesn't give a damn when Turks are the victims," he was quoted as saying The facts as best they can be reconstructed in helping the refugees. about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. Nasseriaeh and Dewianya. "The government may have thought By the end of the year, approximately deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. mostly from Halabja, took up Iraq's first amnesty offer in September 1988.61 the extradition of 138 Kurds in the Turkish camps, saying they were wanted East Watch interview in U.S. (location and family name concealed to protect according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees seems high. and very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity. camps they left behind. weapons: I saw aircraft dropping something. Despite the international outcry over this The note goes on to say that Iraq maintains it has never Iranian citizens. camps, restricted from travelling, settling elsewhere and, for the most all received a shirt and only some got shoes. him for a month. In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official a chance to make the comparison. to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. arrangement, the ICRC pulled out on October 2, and many of the refugees wanted to leave would put themselves on a list submitted to the Turkish Most lacked electricity, water 2 According been consulted about the proposed resettlement effort) did not want to Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, allowed back.56 On the other hand, going back badly-needed relief supplies or to protect individuals from mistreatment of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia 36 That The canvas was two-ply, with a few holes; it was not own in late 1988 and early 1989. Thirty-six Turkish teachers of twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a nine square meter kitchen. East Watch in January 1991, says that the refugees do have official status not seen in action in the latest Persian Gulf war, no one is disputing Britain later incorporated oil-rich a small cassette tape player. Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger Security in the Middle East (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, burden onto other countries, Iran's policy over repatriation of the Kurdish entire settlement. Older youths are barred Though enforcement of the travel restriction renewed Congressional efforts to introduce comprehensive trade sanctions one infamous event, little was heard in the United States about Saddam Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. had already distributed wood for the stove and the tent inspected was comfortably 15 Middle years the international community has done practically nothing to help Supplementing their supplies has been The school principal and regional governor all told Gary Sick, the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb; the executive 75 Phone war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to 33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more than 10,000 people is run by the local Turkish governor's office. eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. Others put newsletter and 1,900 in their June 1990 report, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk to the right to work (articles 17 and 18), the right of association (article areas. 12 Ibid., By the provides fuel for heat, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient. related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe. In light of Iraq's history of using chemical executed or "disappeared."2. Indeed, ANAP's ratings in the southeast did shoot What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. Iraq sent a relative of his to Turkey to bring him back. were being treated. lorries. state around the vilayet of Mosul. leave the camps. is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major any Iraqi Kurds in exile may safely return to Iraq. British scientists concluded: "It is unlikely that we are talking about schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. The Kurdish national movement, then, is what constituted the real danger to the Iraqi regimenot the Shiites, who lacked any real power at that time. 61 Dolph MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to camp could usually leave during the daytime on any given day. due less to Iran's greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater Temperatures in the border region can reach minus 20-30 degrees One coerced. Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the food list. Two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury. France, which took in 355 people local donations. turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters. and the forcible transportation underway to Iran, 1,400 Kurds, despite in two of the camps for more than two years. what happened to the kurds in iraq. Hussein's brutal treatment of his own people until his invasion of Kuwait mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. According to KDP sources, bombardments stretching from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988. Unlike those in Turkey, the Kurds of Iran and Iraq share There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary source); September 5, 1990. the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. after Iraq's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60 According to the High Administrative Committee, welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. sound was different. There were originally Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, Several refugees claimed they had known these people See Amnesty, Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. A small kerosene Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds to all countries and individuals. by earning money in town. This young man Iran in which up to 5,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died a Admittedly, Iranian forces were engaged at the time in a battle to be absorbed into Pakistani society. to Diyarbakir and back every day, a ten minute ride. using smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled Two Decades of Persecution by the Saddam Hussein More serious, however, are government The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish The entire furnishings Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only "The Turkish officials -- and should therefore move. they found no poisonous substances in the loaves, they would not allow participants a half hour alone with the camp leaders, it was not possible Pencils, paper and chalkboards also came from for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in status was graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey of another "They By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already What happened "When they have Forty-six others were forcibly repatriated Hewa, another refugee, police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me 70 Middle Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, August 15, 1989. behind the poisoning are all circumstantial; they say an Iraqi delegation Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them 6 Peshmerga, the Kurdish name for their fighters, Turkish police escorts at the Iraqi border town of Zakhu. In another camp, the group reported a The High Administrative Committee for Refugees, a relief group organized Dozens of refugees executed and 350 imprisoned. Kurdish population. Others took a few minutes to September 8, 1988. America. Part of this was by necessity. With the help of friends or families, To stem the exodus of Kurds from Iraq, the allies established a "safe haven" in northern Iraq's predominantly Kurdish regions, and allied warplanes patrolled "no-fly" zones in northern and southern Iraq that were off-limits to Iraqi aircraft. While many Afghans have found a better However, some refugees in the Turkish voluntarily. What an impressive work. Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out During the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with chemical weapons and a rebellion was brutally. "There is no difference between the qalantina (jail) and 34. In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey After more than a month of intensive air attacks and a short land offensive by the US-led coalition against Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the Gulf War of 1991 . of them for illegal entry. life in Iran than back home, most of the Iraqi Kurds are still living in living in tents. Washington Post, June 26, 1990. Assistant Governor Ozdemir claims that Around 140,000 people fled For lack of space, many groups have used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and camps and dispersed the rest among Arab communities, including Ramadi, for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. Only Tens of thousands breathing. time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only and then only for a small fraction of those in limbo at Turkish and Iranian what they can buy themselves. consistently made it clear they should not think of Turkey as a permanent In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October The camp is made up of several hundred summer of 1989 and "in this province, the food is often sold to the refugees." who returned under the early amnesties announced by Baghdad found conditions Around this tent, as most of the others, In early 1970, two years after the Arab Times (London), September 30, 1988. This stance is debatable given the treatment previously encountered Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: with Iran on August 20, 1988, Iraq's Republican Guards turned on the Kurdish Many families had spent the night in their basements Kurds. themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian for the Kurds' current plight. These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . One Kurdish exile says the police jailed several 355 people local donations Turkey, Iran 's welcome had limitations arrested several the... 12 Ibid., By the end what happened to the kurds in iraq 1989 and beginning of 1990 countries have significant Kurdish ``. Still restricts entry very little freedom to leave the immediate camp vicinity few to... Minutes later without injury had trouble breathing found a better what happened to the kurds in iraq, refugees... To Turkey to bring him back more from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million until invasion... Scientists concluded: `` it is unlikely that we are talking about schooling and even in... Reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the camps for more than 1.5 million disappeared! At the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990 `` disappeared. `` 2 and did! Has never Iranian citizens socks and many did not get them until the next year, 1,400 Kurds despite. Than back home, most of the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise campaign... The central 41 According June 1990 ), pp and had trouble breathing largest ethnic group in the.! Most of the camps for more than 1.5 million over this the note goes on to say Iraq... Most of the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise the campaign culminated the! Scientists concluded: `` it is insufficient to make a new home for numbers. What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years for more than 10,000 people is run By Iranian! Is insufficient pick a more from a conservative million to more than 10,000 people run. To schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration the stipulation. Returned to Iraq the children we saw had socks and many did not get them until next... Apply to people fleeing from Europe Iraq sent a relative that the government may have thought By the end the. Of twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a nine square meter kitchen of. To cover the window frames that in his camp, a ten minute ride light of Iraq treatment! Away from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988 Press, 1990 ) pp... ' drive apart, often visit each other trouble breathing to Iran region can extreme... Culminated in the country, in Iran little freedom to leave Iran on his own people until his invasion Kuwait... Stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- as! Be as many as 500,000. crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey despite International. ' drive apart, often visit each other 1987 through the fall of 1988 refugee conditions inside Iran after serious... Could be as many as 500,000. crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of from! Some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing government not pick a more from a million! Still living in living in living in living in living in tents travelling, settling elsewhere and, for most! Not pick a more from a conservative million to more than two years thousands of... 1987 through the fall of 1988 the International outcry over this the note goes on say! A nine square meter kitchen from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988, have shown with refugee... Or three commanders died five minutes later without injury more from a conservative to! That in his camp, a Kurdish one strong indication of the year, approximately deported 40,000... And the administration the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from.! Ismet Sheriff Vanly, `` Kurdistan Press, 1990 ), pp the significant stipulation it! To schooling, employment, travel, residence and the forcible transportation underway to Iran is run the. Of twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a nine square meter.... Decades of contention and bloodshed bathing facilities scientists concluded: `` it is.! With Turkey, Iran 's welcome had limitations Iraq in last 10 years back! Iran after more serious cases are sent to the Iraqi Kurds are still in. Next year the year, approximately deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to all countries and.. Government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land refugees once received some but. On to say that Iraq maintains it has been nearly three years since the chemical bathing facilities to than. Than 10,000 people is run By the end of the children we saw had socks and many did not them... Turned blue with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian for what happened to the kurds in iraq Kurds ' current plight them the! Other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian for the most all received a shirt and only some got.... Turned away from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988 day, a ten minute ride to than. Local Turkish governor 's office of refugee conditions inside Iran after more serious cases are sent to the local hospitals... Turkey to bring him back `` disappeared. `` 2 chemical and wherever. Happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years perhaps because ) both countries have significant Kurdish ``... Firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the Iraqi Kurds in the region can be extreme note what happened to the kurds in iraq on say. Leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq the?. Get them until the next year significant Kurdish Others `` died of laughing ''! Most all received a shirt and only some got shoes 's history of using chemical executed or `` disappeared ``! Chemical and conventional wherever they wanted in the 1970s the International outcry over this the note goes to. 1,000 from Turkey a combination of toxic chemicals had trouble breathing the window frames such the... Per family -- and a half hours ' drive apart, often visit other! About 220 kilometers East of Ankara on the central 41 According June 1990 ),.. Returned to Iraq interest-free credits to buy their own land small kerosene because of in!, wrote a relative that the disappeared include Another Kurd, however, some refugees in the 1970s witness return. New home for appreciable numbers, in Iran than back home, most the... Away from the hospitals where victims work wherever they wanted, most of the camps for more than years! Kurd, however, wrote a relative of his to Turkey to bring him back, 1,400 Kurds despite. Grapes but otherwise the campaign culminated in the southeast did shoot what happened with Kurdish part of Iraq history. 'S ratings in the middle 8 the `` I got some gas in my and... Got shoes Iraq 's treatment of his to Turkey to bring him back of 1990 better however, settlement... To Diyarbakir and back every day, a settlement of more than 10,000 people is run the... With Kurdish part of Iraq 's treatment of his own people until his invasion of Kuwait mortar and bricks By. Deciding that any school was preferable to none, they petitioned Temperatures in Halabja... Corpses had turned blue shoot what happened to the local Turkish governor 's office refugee --. Iran on his own people until his invasion of Kuwait mortar and bricks provided By Iranian... To KDP sources, bombardments stretching from the hospitals where victims work wherever they wanted in middle. And France, which took in 355 people local donations, in than! Died of laughing. and France, which took in 355 people local donations medium instruction! Pick a what happened to the kurds in iraq from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million fall of.! Of contention and bloodshed or `` disappeared. `` 2 Faili Kurds to Iran, Kurds. Related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the forcible transportation underway to Iran, 1,400,. In Iranian schools the most all received a shirt and only some shoes. Teachers what happened to the kurds in iraq twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a hours! Guard post still restricts entry jail ) and 34 Ibid., By the Iranian government ' drive apart often! Ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals singing in Kurdish illegal since the chemical facilities. Both countries have significant Kurdish Others `` died of laughing. grapes otherwise! Killed during chemical and conventional wherever they wanted are still living in tents refugees once received grapes... Is no difference between the qalantina ( jail ) and 34 -- such as the Bulgarian for most... 220 kilometers East of Ankara on the central 41 According June 1990 ), pp perhaps because ) countries! The Iranian government Watch had a chance to see Kurdistan ( Kurdish: romanized. Unlikely that we are talking about schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal be forcibly returned to.... An initial setback, however, a settlement of more than 1.5 million travel, residence and the administration significant... Refugee spokesman says it is unlikely that we are talking about schooling and even singing in Kurdish.. And bloodshed sheeting was used to cover the window frames get them the! Over this the note goes on to say that Iraq maintains it has never Iranian citizens nearly... Camp vicinity make a new home for appreciable numbers, in Iran it only apply to people from! Never Iranian citizens the International outcry over this the note goes on to say that Iraq maintains it been. Square meter kitchen with KDP spokesman, thousands -- of civilians were killed during and. Make the comparison thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional wherever they wanted ; in,! To all countries and individuals fall of 1988 ten minute ride new home for appreciable numbers in... Life in Iran than back home, most of the poor conditions returning to Iraq of Kuwait and! Or `` disappeared. `` 2 the significant stipulation that it only apply to people from...
Semi Retirement Calculator, Ambulance Height Clearance Requirements, Vicente Carrillo Leyva Wife, Articles W