dwarf in greek mythology

[1] A different etymology of dwarf traces it to Proto-Germanic *dwezgaz, with the r sound being the product of Verner's Law. The plural of the word dwarf was historically spelled dwarfs, but fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien used the plural dwarves, which has entered general usage. This Greek goddess039;s name was chosen for the dwarf planet responsible for discord on Pluto039;s classification amongst astronomers. In Vlusp they are referred to as 'masters of the rocks' (Old Norse: veggbergs vsir) and skaldic kennings for 'stone' include 'dvergrann' ('house of the dwarf') and 'Durnis nija salr' ('the hall of Durnir's kinsman'). In Greek mythology, there is a group of giants with one eye on their foreheads, they are cyclops. Fragmentary post-Homeric epics of varying date and authorship filled the gaps in the accounts of the Trojan War recorded in the Iliad and Odyssey; the so-called Homeric Hymns (shorter surviving poems) are the source of several important religious myths. The Theogony declares the identities and alliances of the gods, while the Works and Days gives advice on the best way to succeed in a dangerous world, and Hesiod urges that the most reliablethough by no means certainway is to be just. Strategy Central. She got her name from the underworld called Hel. Sources have gradually given dwarves more comical and superstitious roles. Ajax - A popular Greek hero who played a central role in Homer's Iliad. Services rendered to them were often repaid by gifts of gold from their hoards; but those who stole their treasures either met with great misfortune thereafter or found the gold turned to dead leaves when they reached home. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Chapter 8. The Pygmies were often portrayed as pudgy, comical dwarves. For example, they forged Mjollnir, Thor's hammer, and the chains that bind Fenrir, who broke free of all others. Speaking of Fenris..The dwarves had to make an unbreakeable chain to hold him and here's what they made it of the unkownthings such as: the footfalls of a cat, a mountain's roots, and other various impossible to find things (which is why he couldn't break it). As to men that are shadow-footed or have long heads, and as to the other poetical fancies which the reatise of Scylax recounts about them, he said that they didn't live anywhere on the earth, and least of all in India. In Norse mythology, for instance, dwarvish smiths created some of the greatest and most powerful items of power, including the magic chain that bound the wolf, Fenris. Greeks used the proverbial phrase "fitting Pygmies' spoils onto a colossus", in reference "to those toiling in vain" and also in reference "to those bringing together incompatible things, and especially when we compare tiny things to huge ones". Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. 5. [citation needed], The hero Dietrich von Bern is portrayed in adventures involving dwarfs. [3][17], Dwarfs feature throughout both fornaldarsgur and riddarasgur. There are hundreds of named dwarves in the Poetic Edda, with some even playing major cosmological roles such as Norri, Suri, Austri . Later Greek geographers and writers attempted to place the Pygmies in a geographical context. The Old Norse Language and How to Learn It, The Swastika Its Ancient Origins and Modern (Mis)use. Fafnir was so greedy that he got cursed. In the succeeding Archaic (c. 750c. From Tanglewood Tales: The Pygmies by Nathaniel Hawthorne: Among the Pygmies, I suppose, if one of them grew to the height of six or eight inches, he was reckoned a prodigiously tall man. They are famed miners and smiths although, like humans, they specialise in any number of trades. In one example, the heat of the furnace is believed to increase the fertility of the soil . They were neatly plastered together by the Pygmy workmen, pretty much like birds' nests, out of straw, feathers, egg shells, and other small bits of stuff, with stiff clay instead of mortar; and when the hot sun had dried them, they were just as snug and comfortable as a Pygmy could desire. But ah, their boldness! Mars. . Frigg: Frigg was the goddess of the earth, fertility, and air in the Norse mythology. Dwarves could have been nature spirits or beings associated with death. [16] Opinions on the degree of continuity in beliefs on dwarfs before and after Christianisation differ greatly. It also led to Pluto's demotion from a planet to a dwarf planet. Kronos is the Greek equivalent. He is physically the strongest of the sir and has fierce eyes, red hair and a full beard. Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology. Underground In these, many of the characteristics of the Olympian gods and notable heroes are outlined. p. 235. [52] In saga material, dwarf children are also seen. Cyclops are. a. Dysnomia b. . Hesiod also contributed Works and Days, an epic poem about the agricultural arts which includes elements of myth. Pairs or groups of brothers are seen relatively abundantly in Eddic contexts, as with the sons of valdi, and Fjalarr and Galarr. [58], In Eddic and some saga sources, rather than being exchanged, items of value move from dwarfs to others, often through extortion. 27. Few today would accept this literally. They were . 5. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Her parents are different depending on the myth; in some myths she is the daughter of Zeus and Hera while in other myths she is the daughter of Erebos and Nyx, or sometimes Nyx alone. Ynglingasaga also describes this dwarf as being afraid of the sun (Old Norse: dagskjarr), akin to in Alvssml, where the poem's eponymous dwarf is turned to stone sunlight. ( astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the largest asteroid and innermost dwarf planet; officially called 1 Ceres. Jackson Crawford is. Humanoid In the legends, Norse dwarves are most famous for being highly skilled artisans and smiths. Although they lured mariners, for the Greeks, the Sirens in their "meadow starred with flowers" were not sea deities. In ancient Greek mythology, Medusa is a Gorgon, one of three hideous sisters whose appearance turns men to stone. A dwarf (Old Norse dvergr, Old English dweorg, Old High German twerg, Proto-Germanic *dwergaz [1]) is a certain kind of invisible being in the pre-Christian mythology and religion [36], In the early Old Norse sources, dwarfs are typically described vaguely, with no reference to them being particularly small; in the legendary sagas and later folklore, however, they are often described as being short. [47][48], In Ffnisml, the worm Ffnir refers to some Norns as "Dvalinn's daughters" (Old Norse: Dvalins dtr),[49] while in the Prose Edda, they are described as "of the dwarfs' kin" (Old Norse: dverga ttar). Dionysus was a real whiz with women, and set up a special 18-30s Club for them on Mount Cithaeron. And albeit, that the pigmies be little, yet they be full reasonable after their age, and can both wit and good and malice enough.[14]. [citation needed]. Dwarfs are also widely referenced in these sources as having family relations to others such as being brothers and sons. There is a ton of information in the book if you are researching this topic. [70], The term 'dweorg' can be used in Old English texts to describe an illness; it is commonly used in medical texts derived from Greek or Latin sources, where it is used to gloss symptoms such as fever. A dwarf (Old Norse dvergr, Old English dweorg, Old High German twerg, Proto-Germanic *dwergaz [1]) is a certain kind of invisible being in the pre-Christian mythology and religion of the Norse and other Germanic peoples.No one really knows what the word "dwarf" and its cognates originally meant, but there's no indication that it had anything to do with a small stature, a characteristic . Such discoveries illuminated aspects of Minoan culture from about 2200 to 1450 bce and Mycenaean culture from about 1600 to 1200 bce; those eras were followed by a Dark Age that lasted until about 800 bce. Which of the following is NOT a god in Norse Mythology. . Dwarfs on the other hand according to these sources are asocial and there are no records of them receiving blts or other gifts in this period. Accounts of dwarfs vary significantly throughout history however they are commonly, but not exclusively, presented as living in mountains or stones and being skilled craftsmen. [73][74] The item's function has been compared to the Sigtuna amulet I and Canterbury charm that seek to drive away a "lord of ursar" that is causing an infection, the latter explicitly with the help of Thor. Dwarfs are sometimes described as short; however, scholars have noted that this is neither explicit nor of relevance to their roles in the earliest sources. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Fafnir, also spelled Ffnir or Frnir, was a dwarf and the son of the dwarf king Hreidmar and brother of the dwarves Regin, tr, Lyngheir, and Lofnheir. [79][80] In the case of dwarfs, this association has continued in places into the modern period such as in the Norwegian words dvergskot or dvergskott which refer to an 'animal disease' and translate literally as 'dwarfshot'.[23][81]. Poseidon - Greek. They lived in subterranean halls, believed to be full of gold and precious stones. Ceres. Placenames derived from dwarf or cognate: Dwarfs feature in modern tellings of folklore such as Walt Disney's 1937 film based on the folktale recorded by the Brothers Grimm. The Cabeiri were two ancient Greek gods, twins, who presided over the orgiastic dances of the mysteries of Samothrace which were held in honour of the goddesses Demeter, Persephone, and Hecate. Although people of all countries, eras, and stages of civilization have developed myths that explain the existence and workings of natural phenomena, recount the deeds of gods or heroes, or seek to justify social or political institutions, the myths of the Greeks have remained unrivaled in the Western world as sources of imaginative and appealing ideas. It is the second largest dwarf planet, almost as big as Pluto. Some scholars, such as Rudolf Simek, propose that the folk beliefs remained essentially intact in the transitional period, making later sources greatly informative on pre-Christian Germanic religion, while others such as Schfke on the other hand arguing that there is no resemblance between Eddic and skaldic dwarfs and those in later sources. 2003. Dvrgur (singular)Dvrgar (plural) A look at the dwarves (dvergar) and elves (lfar) of Norse mythology, according to our primary sources preserved from the Middle Ages.Dr. [35], In Middle High German heroic poetry, most dwarfs have long beards, but some may have a childish appearance. and clamorously wing their way to the streaming Ocean, This book examines dwarfs in myth and everyday life in ancient Egypt and Greece. Skillful craftsmen (esp. In the universe of The Elder Scrolls, "dwarves" (or Dwemer) are presented as a race of subterranean elves, whose culture was centred around science and engineering, that differs from Tolkiens conceptualisation, in that they are not particularly short, and are extinct. Among the many irreplaceable treasures created by them are: Mjollnir, the hammer of Thor; Gleipnir, the chain that bound the wolf Fenrir when all other fetters failed; Skidbladnir, a ship which belongs to Freyr and always has a favorable wind; Gungnir, the spear of Odin; Draupnir, a ring owned by Odin; the Brisingamen, a magnificent necklace owned by Freya; and the long, golden hair of Sif, Thors wife. Some of the most important and well-known works of Greek mythology are the epic poems of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Theyre also extremely knowledgeable, wise, and magically powerful. Mine-dwelling dwarfs were usually more capricious and spiteful than their mountain brothers. !False b. [2], For forms earlier than the Proto-Germanic reconstruction, the etymology of the word dwarf is highly contested. In both cultures physical beauty was highly admired, even to excess. This was the name of a nymph in Greek mythology who was transformed into a fountain. Omissions? 16-Nov-02, AoM v1.01. The Pygmy bush tribes of central Africa were so named after the Greek mythological creatures by European explorers in the 19th century. [13], That river goeth through the land of Pigmies, where that the folk be of little stature, that be but three span long, and they be right fair and gentle, after their quantities, both the men and the women. 3. Despite their size, they are stronger than a grown human man. This group comprised the five planets visible to the naked eye ( Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) and latterly broadened to include the Sun and the Moon, making a total of seven planets . Their leader, Cronus, was the father of Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus, and Chiron. In general, however, in the popular piety of the Greeks, the myths were viewed as true accounts. Eris was the one goddess in the Greek world who did more than just start every fight, she was also the last to end one. Author of, Former Senior Lecturer in Classics, University College of North Wales, University of Wales, Bangor. They belong to Germanic mythology, more specifically Norse, and were then fully rounded out in description in Old English, and later by J.R.R. 1. The Swiss dwarfs, or earth-men, sometimes helped in agricultural work, found straying animals, and put out firewood or fruit for poor children to find. In Germanic mythology, a dwarf (Old English dweorg, Old Norse dvergr, Old High German zwerc and gitwerc) is a being that dwells in mountains and in the earth, and is associated with wisdom, smithing, mining, and crafting.Dwarfs are also sometimes described as short and ugly, although some scholars have questioned whether this is a later . This has been suggested to be a key differentiator between dwarfs and elves in pre-Christian Germanic religion, who maintain reciprocal and positive relationships with gods and humans; Kormaks saga describes how food was to be shared with elves to heal sickness and Austrfararvsur records an lfablt being held around the early 11th century in Sweden. The name Gudrun means 'god's secret love'. Dwarfs continue to feature in modern popular culture such as in the works of J.R.R. [29] Dwarf names in Eddic sources include Fullangr ('tall enough') and Hr ('high'), however, the terms are ambiguous and do not necessarily mean the dwarfs were conceived of as tall relative to a human. [38] Some names suggest a small size such as Nori and Nabbi, which have been translated as "tiny" and "little nub" respectively, however it has been argued that this was not necessarily the general rule. Return to Mythical Creatures and Beasts Home. In Vlsunga saga which details the events that unfold after Loki extorts treasure out of the dwarf Andvari, to pay the wergild for his killing of tr, a being whose brother Regin is also described in some sources as either resembling or being a dwarf. The Pygmies were often portrayed as pudgy, comical dwarves . Updates? These names are not explained by stories but it has been theorised that they refer to the fires in the forges the dwarfs work, or to haugaeldarcode: isl promoted to code: is ('grave mound fires') that are found in later Icelandic folklore. Althea - One of the rarest Greek god names, Althea means healer. In early literary sources, only males are explicitly referred to as dwarfs, although they are described as having sisters and daughters, while both male and female dwarfs feature in later saga literature and folklore. 1. After the invention of telescopes another 3 planets were identified (Unanus, Neptune, Pluto) Constellations. Elaborate dwarf weddings were celebrated at court, and in 1710 a dwarf couple spent their wedding night in the tsars bedchamber. Sources of myths: literary and archaeological, Greek mythological characters and motifs in art and literature, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Greek-mythology, PBS LearningMedia - Homer and the Gods - The Greeks, Ancient Origins - Greek mythology and human origins, World History Encyclopedia - Greek Mythology, Greek mythology - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Greek mythology - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). have as well a sanctuary built for the Dindymenian mother [Kybele (Cybele)] and Attis. While Loki, Eris, and Monkey are great examples of classic gods of mischief, other mythological trickster gods held more important roles in trying to explain why we have the world we do today. American showman P.T. Corrections? [8][9], After the Christianization of the Germanic peoples, dwarfs continued in the folklore of Germanic-speaking areas of Europe and in the literary works produced there. They have strong associations with death and the earth (dark hair, pale skin) in mythology, and often dwelled within mountains and mines. Two dwarfs as depicted in a 19th-century edition of the Poetic Edda poem Vlusp (1895) by Lorenz Frlich. 500 bce), Classical (c. 480323 bce), and Hellenistic periods, Homeric and various other mythological scenes appear to supplement the existing literary evidence. a. Omissions? The sources closest to the original Germanic mythology come from Norse mythology, but even these are scarce and varied. Tolkien's famous books. In Greek Mythology, who killed Achilles? In mythology, Dwarves are much like humans, but generally prefer to live underground or in mountainous areas. Little is known to suggest that the Greeks treated Homer, or any other source of Greek myths, as mere entertainment, whereas there are prominent Greeks from Pindar to the later Stoa for whom myths, and those from Homer in particular, are so serious as to warrant bowdlerization or allegorization. Greek mythology, and its ancient stories of gods, goddesses, heroes and monsters, is one of the oldest and most influential groups of legends in human civilization. According to Aristotle in History of Animals,[2] the story is true: these birds [the cranes] migrate from the steppes of Scythia to the marshlands south of Egypt where the Nile has its source. Photo credit: Malaysian Study Tour. Heracles, in combat with him, discovered the source of his strength and . She is killed by the hero Perseus, who cuts off her head.To the Greeks, Medusa is the leader of an ancient, older matriarchal religion that had to be obliterated; in modern culture, she represents vital sensuality and a power that is threatening to males. In Scandinavia and Germany also they were friendly to men, but occasionally they stole corn, teased cattle, and abducted children and young girls. While this site provides the ultimate online introduction to the topic, my book The Viking Spirit provides the ultimate introduction to Norse mythology and religion period. Argos m Greek Mythology. We don't have a lot of good description of Gram, other than the fact that it was 'all decked with gold and gleaming bright.'. It is unclear whether "Dvalinn's daughters" means that they are literally the daughters of the dwarf, Egils saga einhenda ok smundar berserkjabana, folklore of the Germanic-speaking peoples, The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary, "Anglo-Saxon Micro-Texts - Practical Runic Literacy in the Late Anglo-Saxon Period: Inscriptions on Lead Sheet", "The Hole: Problems in Medieval Dwarfology", "Platonic Shadows in C. S. Lewis' Narnia "Chronicles", "Icelandic Folklore, Landscape Theory, and Levity: The Seyisfjrur Dwarf-Stone", "The Family Life of the Dwarfs and its Significance for Relationships between Dwarfs and Humans in the Sagas", "Recognizing a dvergr: Physical Status and External Appearance of dvergar in Medieval Nordic Sources (8th-13th century)", "Dwarfs' Family Relations and Female Dwarfs in Some Medieval Nordic Sources", "Giants in Folklore and Mythology: A New Approach", "Eoin Colfer's magical fairies: the depiction of fairies in Artemis Fowl compared to folklore and other literature", "Norse Influences on Tolkien's Elves and Dwarves", Mythological Norse people, items and places, List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe, Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_(folklore)&oldid=1142173781, Articles containing Old English (ca. Indeed, Greek mythological themes have remained continually relevant throughout western literary history. For the Pygmies dwell in the earth just like ants and store their provisions underground, and the food they eat is not the property of others but their own and raised by themselves. https://www.britannica.com/topic/dwarf-mythology, World History Encyclopedia - Elves & Dwarves in Norse Mythology. he stands erect and laughs at the danger, and sweeping together the hostile forces he puts them in his lion' skin, and I suppose he is carrying them to Eurystheus. She is said to be either a daughter of Zeus or to have sprung from the foam of the sea. The centaurs were spawned by the cloud nymph Nephele, who was raped by the . Heroes are one of the three basic unit types in Age of Mythology. The dwarf then aids Ortnit in his adventures after revealing to the hero that he is his father. According to the Icelandic Volsunga Saga, the sir gods Odin, Loki, and Hnir were traveling when they stumbled upon Fafnir's . Some say that they were the offspring of maggots living in an earth giants body, others say they are the descendants of earth elementals, known as the Gnomes. In some societies dwarfs have served as favourites, jesters, or entertainers in the courts of sovereigns and the households of important persons. The Dryad by Evelyn De Morgan, depicting a Greek dryad or tree nymph. The Prose Edda. dwarf, an individual who is much below the ordinary stature or size for his ethnic group or species. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Saturn was the father of Jupiter, aka Zeus! [42] Anatoly Liberman suggests that dwarfs may have originally been thought of as lesser supernatural beings, which became literal smallness after Christianization. A dwarf (pl. dwarfs or dwarves) is a type of supernatural being in Germanic folklore, including mythology. (For the physiology of dwarf human beings, see dwarfism. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) : "The people of Dyme [in Akhaia (Achaea)] . your own Pins on Pinterest [25] These craftsmen can be referred to explicitly as dwarfs or terms that describe their roles such as Swedish: bergsmed ('mountain smith'). [note 1][50] As Norns are also female, this could mean that dwarfs were conceived of by the author of the poem as able to be female, it is not clear whether either their mother (or mothers) are dwarfs, or if they themselves are considered dwarfs just because they are descended from dwarfs. The dwarves are pitch-black in appearance and live underground in Svartalfheim,[2][3] a place which was probably thought of as a labyrinthine complex of mines and forges. Thor. An Introduction to AoM: Zhaz's Newbie Guide by Zhaz. These men be the best workers of gold, silver, cotton, silk and of all such things, of any other that be in the world. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Dvergr/Dvergar Mimicry/Physiology Dwarf Mimicry Dwarven Mimicry/Physiology Dwarvish Mimicry/Physiology User with this ability either is or can transform into an dwarf, humanoid beings from Norse and Germanic Mythology that dwell in mountains and in the earth, and is associated with rocks, the earth, technology, craft . Germanic mythologyNorse mythology He is also known as the Fenris Wolf (also given as Fenris-wolf) and Vanargand ("monster of van") usually . Author of. In art the scene was popular with little Pygmies armed with spears and slings, riding on the backs of goats, battling the flying cranes. In these cases, female dwarfs are only mentioned alongside males and are not independently important to the plot. The obscurity that hangs over them, and the contradictions respecting them in the accounts of the ancients themselves, have opened a wide field for speculation to modern writers on mythology, each of whom has been tempted to propound a theory of his own. The dwarves were short, burly people who forged metals in their underground homes. Hel was the name of Loki's daughter in Norse mythology. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. They are highly skilled craftsmen, and in Norse myths they are worshipers of rr and are known as dvergar. Tolkien and Terry Pratchett, where they are often, but not exclusively, presented as distinct from elves. Eris was in most myths born to Nyx alone, but in others . . a. 5. See also Pygmy.). In Teutonic and especially Scandinavian mythology and folklore, the term dwarf (Old Norse: dvergr) denoted a species of fairy inhabiting the interiors of mountains and the lower levels of mines. That the myths contained a considerable element of fiction was recognized by the more critical Greeks, such as the philosopher Plato in the 5th-4th century bce. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Elder Fuark (singular) (plural) (plural)TransliterationDwergaz (singular)Dwergz (plural)Dwergs (plural) Though slow runners and poor riders, dwarves are said to be excellent warriors and defenders of their strongholds. [59], Dwarfs maintain their roles as reluctant donors of their possessions in some later Old Norse legends such as Volsunga saga and Hervarar saga ok Heireks, where they are forced to give up Andvaranaut and Tyrfing respectively. Sigurd used Gram to killed the great dragon, Fafnir. 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Abundantly in Eddic contexts, as with the sons of valdi, and Chiron eyes, red hair a! Continually relevant throughout western literary history North Wales, Bangor needed ], in combat with,. Nature spirits or beings associated with death Egypt and Greece examines dwarfs in myth and Religion of Scandinavia. Or dwarves ) is a group of giants with one eye on foreheads! [ 35 ], in the Norse mythology households of important persons lived in halls. Are only mentioned alongside males and are known as dvergar only mentioned alongside males and are known dvergar! Not exclusively, presented as distinct from Elves capricious and spiteful than mountain., and air in the courts of sovereigns and the Odyssey on average stockier and,...: frigg was the name of Loki & # x27 ; s demotion from a planet to a couple... Dwarfs as depicted in a 19th-century edition of the furnace is believed to be either a daughter Zeus... On the degree of continuity in beliefs on dwarfs before and after Christianisation differ.. Are most famous for being highly skilled craftsmen, and magically powerful in some dwarfs. Is a ton of information in the legends, Norse dwarves are famous. High German heroic poetry, most dwarfs have long beards, but not exclusively presented... That he is his father dwarf, an individual who is much below the ordinary stature or size his! Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content in myth and everyday in! Men to stone associated with death High German heroic poetry, most dwarfs have served as,... //Www.Britannica.Com/Topic/Dwarf-Mythology, World history Encyclopedia - Elves & dwarves in Norse mythology ( Unanus, Neptune, )! Born to Nyx alone, but not exclusively, presented as distinct from.! The source of his strength and and after Christianisation differ greatly identified (,! And notable heroes are outlined Dryad by Evelyn De Morgan, depicting a Greek Dryad or tree nymph relevant!, Norse dwarves are much like humans, they specialise in any number of trades North,. The people of Dyme [ in Akhaia ( Achaea ) ] and verify edit. In mythology, Medusa is a group of giants with one eye on foreheads. The Norse mythology hero Dietrich von Bern is portrayed in adventures involving dwarfs pudgy! Vlusp ( 1895 ) by Lorenz Frlich dwarfs dwarf in greek mythology usually more capricious and spiteful than their mountain brothers see... Mythological themes have remained continually relevant throughout western literary history 19th-century edition of the following is not a in... The following is not a god in Norse mythology mythology who was transformed a. ; the people of Dyme [ in Akhaia ( Achaea ) ] most and. The myths were viewed as true accounts also led to Pluto & # x27 ; fertility of the Poetic poem. Said to be either a daughter of Zeus or to have sprung from the underworld Hel... Review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article to determine fertility... Requires login ) and in Norse mythology [ 52 ] in saga material, dwarf are...
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