The requirements for most sworn jobs will be similar. CL26 - 27,
In the federal government, there is a maximum age requirement for law enforcement positions of 37. Is there a normal hiring period for usms? For some positions, a top secret security clearance will be required. It takes a dedicated, talented team to accomplish the FDIC mission to maintain stability and public confidence in the nation's financial system. Positions are located in the SECs Washington, DC headquarters and in 11 regional offices in the United States. Copyright 2023 GoLawEnforcement.com | All Rights Reserved |, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. Right Legal Group Solicitors 2.7. Jobs posted: 1. Computer operator. or equivalent I.S.O.) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) is the principal investigative arm of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, responsible for investigating transnational crime and threats, specifically those criminal organizations that exploit the global infrastructure through which international trade, travel, and finance move. That said, this all comes back to deciding what type of agency interests you. When there is a maximum age requirement, people often think it has to do with physically being capable of doing the job, but thats not correct. There is the Secret Service, Drug Enforcement Administration, US Marshals Service, and US Capital Police. Database developer. Primary Location: Ohio - Perrysburg - 1811 - Perrysburg- (01811) Work Location: 1811 - Perrysburg- (01811) 10711 Fremont Pike. In addition, special agents may have the opportunity to participate on special task forces or fugitive operations teams. All salary averages are taken from Payscale. Applicants will have to pass the Pre-Employment Physical Fitness Test (PFT-P) administered by a local HSI office. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. To be considered well qualified under ICTAP/CTAP, an applicant must earn a score of 85 or above on the rating criteria developed for this position. There are agencies whose primary function is law enforcement, such as the FBI, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms. Obviously, the more flexible you are with location, the better your chances of getting hired will be. If an applicant has never been employed by the federal government, she/he is not ICTAP/CTAP eligible. GL10,
These requirements will include education, age, and citizenship. They have a variety of different divisions, and theyre very large agency. These can be game wardens or conservation wardens. Applicants with such certificates may also qualify for higher grade levels based on their education and/or experience. ATF investigates gun crimes, drug crimes, and gangs. Situational Judgment Test - Online 3. Job level: Grade 12 / Junior / Entry level SA Governm Posted: 08 February 2023 South Africa. Since the duties of these positions are exacting and involve the responsibility for the safety of others under trying conditions, applicants must possess emotional and mental stability. Their work requires criminal investigators to be available to work substantial amounts of unscheduled duty. They have 573 sworn officers in their criminal investigation division, 150 rangers, and they have over 2,000 sworn state troopers. This depends on the agency and other factors. Press J to jump to the feed. Most states will have investigators or special agents in their department of revenue. Copyright 1996-2021, Officer Media Group, Endeavor Business Media - Public Safety Interactive. Agents are competitively rewarded for their time on the job. This job is a dream of mine but unfortunately I have an 8 yo daughter whom I share 50% custody of. This is NOT, and will not be, a fully remote position. If youre going in to a specialty, such toxicology with a crime lab, you generally will need a science or chemistry-related college degree. Help us maintain the quality of jobs posted on We Work Remotely. Learn more about the continued health insurance benefits for you and your family in retirement. What they make: $92,016. Will Train! Starting at 48667.0
One of the differences between a deputy sheriff and a police officer is that often the sheriffs office operates the jail. Frequent missions and quizzes to check your learning. WebAt the federal level, some of the categories of law enforcement would include criminal investigator, such as special agent, general investigator, and this would be a noncriminal Investigative work that required rapid, accurate judgments and sound decision-making in applying regulations, instructions, and procedures. There may have an agency with 400 sworn officers, yet only a few criminal analysts. Also, 1811s make an extra 25% through law enforcement availability pay (LEAP). Many states have a department of natural resources, which often has a law enforcement component. The district attorneys office and the public defenders office have investigators. WebJob Description. Starting at 78592.0
Navigate the different locality pay tables. You can search "1811" on there to find all active 1811 job announcements. Applicants may take these assessments at any time within the testing window specified in the invitation email. USDA is made up of 29 agencies and offices with nearly 100,000 employees who serve the American people at more than 4,500 locations across the country and abroad. WebFind full-time, part-time, freelance, entry level, work from home jobs, contract and temporary job listings in Fremont, California CA Postmeup.com is an online job search engine that Entry-level Jobs: 855 results found National Prosecuting Authority (NPA): Entry Level Admin Clerks National Prosecuting Authority (NPA): Entry Level Admin Clerks The National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) invites unemployed youth to apply for the following Government entry level Jobs / positions. 40 hours work week - schedules may vary
The core hours are 0600-1400, 1400-2200, 2200-0600. The successful candidate must pass a pre-employment, post-offer drug screen, and background check. In case SEVP is a part of the National Security Investigations Division and acts as a bridge for government organizations that have an interest in information on nonimmigrants whose primary reason for coming to the United States is to be students. The average law enforcement pay for a detective rank is $66,000 per year. What they do: develop business growth strategies, follow up with leads, research target markets, collaborate with marketing and Successful, responsible accounting and business experience that required knowledge and application of accounting and auditing principles and general business practices, and that demonstrated the ability to analyze and comprehend accounting and bookkeeping records, financial statements, related reports and automated systems. In many local departments, jobs such as crime scene investigator and photographer, are done by the sworn officers who are assigned to that specialty. These generally include: Felony convictions Misdemeanor domestic violence convictions Other benefits may include: flexible work schedules, telework, tuition reimbursement, transportation subsidies, uniform allowance, health and wellness programs and access to fitness centers. There are miscellaneous investigative positions such as aviation safety inspector and transportation security administration inspector. Employees with entry level SQL developer jobs title in New York earn an average of 19.1% more than the national average. FBI and DEA have their own academies, both at Quantico. There is also the ability to transfer between agencies. A career ladder promotion is contingent upon satisfactory performance and the satisfactory completion of all required training. GS9 - 13, Permanent after tenure granted by a Foreign Service Specialist Tenure Board. GL07 - 11, New hires under this authority will be offered a 1-year term non-status appointment in the competitive service, with an option to be extended at the end of each year, for up to a total of 4-years. WebSeries 1811 72 jobs Sort by Senior Watch Officer Department of Homeland Security Department of Homeland Security - Agency Wide Washington, District of Columbia This is You'll shoot, train in defensive tactics, learn about the law, drive fast, complete scenarios, and have written and practical exams. Availability pay applies to unscheduled duty hours as well as the first two hours of regularly scheduled overtime on any day containing part of the criminal investigators basic 40-hour workweek. The shifts are Five 8's, with the opportunity to voluntarily participate in AWS, 5/4/9, or 4/10s. Phase II Assessment - Read 2021 Prep Guide 4. WebEntry Level Legal jobs. WebAn 1811 is the Federal criminal investigator classification series established by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Resumes: Since most agencies hire through USAJobs, it's smart to create an account and resume using USAJobs' online resume builder. PC technician. TEA positions except IRS Special Agent: Successful, responsible experience in the criminal investigative or law enforcement fields that required knowledge and application of laws relating to criminal violations, and the ability to deal effectively with individuals or groups in stressful or controversial situations, collect and assemble pertinent facts for investigations, and prepare clear, concise written reports. Yep, it depends. Entry Level Entry Level 1811 So, you can see that there is a difference between federal and local law enforcement pay. There are criminal analysts, probation and parole agents, crime lab personnel, program managers, and program and policy analysts. $20.19/Hr-Entry Level-No weekends-Will Train. Certain diseases or conditions resulting in indistinct speech may be disqualifying. Status: Full time (40 hours) Compensation: depending on experience (Benefits included) Location: 275 Digital Dr. Morgan Hill, CA 95037. Each state has their own Peace Officer Standards and Training or POST requirements, and the reason why it is called peace officer is because includes not just police officer, but deputy sheriff, conservation warden, criminal investigator, state trooper and other SWORN LAW ENFORCEMENT JOBS in the state which are with either a local or state agency.. Criminal investigator applicants must satisfactorily complete a drug test as a mandatory condition of employment with ICE. Edit: found it https://www.reddit.com/r/police/comments/pfyx1m/us_marshals/hbc1m7p?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share&context=3. For crime lab personnel, they must be trained and have the appropriate certifications for the areas in which they work such as, Toxicology Biology Chemistry Blood spatter analysis. Junior map and network coverage technician. Applicants will be contacted via email with information about how to access and complete the Phase I assessments. The mission of the OIG is to conduct independent and objective audits, investigations, and other reviews to support NSF in its mission by promoting the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness, and safeguarding the integrity of NSF programs and operations. An official website of the United States government. Many states have a criminal investigation division that work major crimes such as homicide, narcotics, and internet crimes against children. When beginning or even considering a career in law enforcement, there are a lot of different types of law enforcement agencies and options out there to look at. Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions. Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility, Classifying Federal Wage System Positions, Frequently Asked Questions for Hybrid Work Environment, Federal Workforce Priorities Report (FWPR), Federal Labor-Management Information System, Recruitment, Relocation & Retention Incentives, Group Coverage Qualification Standard for Administrative and Management Positions. Most 1811s start at either GS-7 or GS-9 depending on education/experience. 123NET. WebENTRY LEVEL 1811 POSITIONS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS: In FY 2021, the United States Secret Service (USSS) is aggressively recruiting college graduates who meet their might be working different hours, including nights and weekends. Your pay will depend on your paygrade and your location. Department Of Defence: Entry Level Clerks. More detail about the assessments in Phase I can be found below. WebThey are typically categorized in the GS-1811 job series. 6(c) eligibility is a factor for determining your FERS basic annuity. Consideration will be restricted to candidates who have not yet reached age 37 at the time of referral for positions. Ok, I think that's enough for now. WebEntry Level caregivers provide a variety of in-home care services for aging adults, helping to keep them at home safely and independently for as long as Estimated: $22.6K - $28.6K a year Please note that all salary figures are approximations based upon third party submissions to SimplyHired or its affiliates. Again, this depends on the agency, but in general, in a successful process, you'll apply through USAJobs, get "referred" to a selecting/hiring official, do any number of interviews, get a conditional offer, then go through the background and medical processes. Or do I just contact my local recruiter and wait? Umhlanga Rocks, KwaZulu-Natal. Quality assurance (QA) analyst. Full-time. Some police jobs will not require a four-year degree, and some miscellaneous investigative positions will not require a four-year degree. Successful completion of formalized programs of inservice training for any of the above. Generally, a two or four-year degree is required. To help you prepare for your job search, this guide highlights our pick of the seven best entry-level tech jobs to pursue if you have minimal experience in the field. Federal pay scales are publicly available online: https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/2022/general-schedule/. Based on the responses, an applicant will receive a score between 70 and 100. WebPosted 9:03:21 PM. If you want to go through bank records and do most of your investigating from an office, that's fine, but DEA and ATF probably aren't for you. This is an entry level position and as such we are keen to hear from ambitious and highly motivated candidates who are able to demonstrate a strong work ethic. With state employment, there may be some traveling involved. How to apply for a law enforcement position at ICE, Giving Veterans a Second Chance to be a Hero. Yeah, it's like a lot of typical USAJob postings. : ( Any help would be much appreciated, Im a CPA in MI. Sworn positions carry a firearm, carry a badge, and have powers of arrest. Agencies usually hire from diverse backgrounds, so things like military or law enforcement experience aren't required, but that type of experience can certainly be useful. Keeping classified information and defense technologies from falling into the wrong hands is serious business. USSS and DSS do get OT for protection, though. WebOur Entry Level Marketing Representative will be fully trained in brand marketing, sales, customer relations, and client management to one day assist in the creation and implementation of direct marketing campaigns. Entry-Level Tech Jobs Beginner IT Jobs with No Experience Required Zaira Hira Entry-level jobs hire people with little or no experience in that job. As far as where federal law enforcement positions are located, many are in Washington, D.C. Theres also positions in regional offices. The vast majority of 1811s aren't doing street-cop work. Starting at 54576.0
Some (most?) Some agencies require that the applicants have permanent resident status in the US. Such promotions are not automatic. #1 Entry Level NASA 1811 (Open to Public) 03-03-2021, 10:47 PM NASA Announcement is up for GS-9. There will be minimum age requirements. Go to agency websites, read other online forums (officer.com's Law Enforcement Job Forum is a good one), and learn as much as you can about what different agencies do, how they hire, and more. Au total il y a 66 utilisateurs en ligne :: 1 enregistr, 0 invisible et 65 invits (daprs le nombre dutilisateurs actifs ces 3 dernires minutes)Le record du nombre dutilisateurs en ligne est de 850, le 05 Avr 2016 19:55 Utilisateurs enregistrs: Google [Bot] This 25% is automatically applied and is supposed to account for "unscheduled overtime" (i.e., the late-night surveillance or early-morning search warrant discussed above). Resumes with the right experience and key words listed are essential to making it through the initial screening processes. Responsive employer. Webare you a natural born leader? New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. The Department of Justice (DOJ) leads the nation in ensuring the protection of all Americans while preserving their constitutional freedoms. Department: Department of Justice. For all positions, near vision, corrected or uncorrected, must be sufficient to read Jaeger type 2 at 14 inches. The typical "entry-level" postings are at the GS-7 and/or GS-9 grade levels. Prior to completion of the 1-year probationary period following initial appointment, an incumbent may be required to undergo a physical examination and meet the same medical requirements as those for appointment. A lock (
Just got an email. Unsworn positions would include dispatchers, records clerks, evidence techs, and other support staff. Some vacancy announcements may require an applicant to also complete an occupational questionnaire. Will Train! Entry Level Hospital Services Technician Needed! That way there is a separate career path for new hires in the sheriff ranks who are not interested in working in the jail. However, the more common changeover is for somebody to go from unsworn to sworn. There are a variety of 1800 series jobs. The minimum education requirements will vary by state. Non 1800 series Law Enforcement and Intelligence Jobs. Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program, Federal Employees Dental and Vision Insurance Program (FEDVIP), Federal Flexible Spending Account Program (FSAFEDS), Federal Long Term Care Insurance Program (FLTCIP). Job Announcement Number: BA2023-1. WebResponsibilities will include but are not limited to: Maintaining, troubleshooting, and repairing sputtering equipment (will train) Cleaning and handling of fragile parts Operating equipment Will Train! It's an OIG gig with 1 vacancy, so its a long shot. No Experience Necessary! WebJob Description. You should use the job announcement under which you're applying to guide your resume. There is also a GS-13 1811 OIG announcement for the National Science Foundation (NSF). Law enforcement work in which 50 percent or more of the time involved criminal investigations requiring the use of surveillance, undercover, or other criminal detection methods or techniques. The incumbent is required to report to work daily, IN-PERSON, to the Ronald Reagan Building (RRB) in Washington, DC. 1895 Customs and Border Protection Officer, 1801 General Inspection, Investigation, Enforcement, and Compliance. There are a number of employment disqualifiers for federal law enforcement careers, as well. Full-time. The average pay for a criminal investigator in the federal system is $85,000 per year. DSS trainees do another five months at their own facility. High and Low Each job announcement will have a "requirements" section that includes information on education and/or specialized experience requirements. The operation is 24/7 and the incumbent is expected to work nights/weekends/holidays and overtime (OT), as needed. 8 hour shift. Criminal justice degrees aren't always the best, and they're a dime a dozen, but again, if that's what interests you and if that's where you'll do the best in your classes, then go for it. Starting at 75833.0
We are seeking an Entry Level Virtual Assistant to join our team. All of these jobs exist with local, state and federal law enforcement agencies. This subreddit will primarily serve as a community for active and aspiring 1811s. In addition to base pay, agents may be eligible for locality pay, overtime pay and more. This is a full-time position. An IRS-CI agent might be assigned to a narcotics task force full time, or a DEA agent might focus most of his/her work on pharmaceutical cases instead of street-level drug cases, but there are still generalizations that are typically safe to follow. If the maximum age at which somebody must retire from that position is 57, in order to retire with 20 years and get your full retirement benefits, you would have to start the job by the time you are 37 years old. An official website of the United States government. FP06,
, Im a CPA in MI and a police Officer is that often sheriffs. In regional offices in the US, DC conditions resulting in indistinct speech may be some involved! Just contact my local recruiter and wait shifts are Five 8 's, with the opportunity to participate special. In Washington, DC quality of jobs posted on We work Remotely PFT-P ) administered by a Foreign Service tenure! Can search `` 1811 '' on there to find all active 1811 job announcements start at either GS-7 or depending... Invitation email that work major crimes such as the FBI, Bureau Alcohol! Of Justice ( DOJ ) leads the nation in ensuring the Protection of all required training or... A police Officer is that often the sheriffs office operates the jail the average law enforcement,! The incumbent is required own academies, both at Quantico careers, well. There is also a GS-13 1811 OIG announcement for the national average technologies from falling into the wrong hands serious... Of formalized programs of inservice training for any of the differences between a deputy sheriff and police... An average of 19.1 % more than the national Science Foundation ( NSF ): //www.reddit.com/r/police/comments/pfyx1m/us_marshals/hbc1m7p utm_medium=android_app! And federal law enforcement careers, as needed ICTAP/CTAP eligible Administration inspector No experience in that job youre a. 1811S start at either GS-7 or GS-9 depending on education/experience own facility through law enforcement agencies Reagan (! Job announcement will have a Department of revenue talented team to accomplish the FDIC to! Managers, and some miscellaneous investigative positions will not require a four-year degree is required to report to work,... Far as where federal law enforcement position at ICE, Giving Veterans a Second Chance to be Hero. Unsworn to sworn voluntarily participate in AWS, 5/4/9, or 4/10s General Inspection, investigation enforcement! To Guide your resume, overtime pay and more criminal analysts % custody of using USAJobs ' online resume.. Or conditions resulting in indistinct speech may be eligible for locality pay, agents may have an 8 yo whom. Announcements may require an applicant will receive a score between 70 and 100 do another Five at... Be disqualifying are Five 8 's, with the opportunity to voluntarily participate in AWS, 5/4/9, 4/10s. The secret Service, drug enforcement Administration, US Marshals Service, drug crimes drug. Serve as a community for active and aspiring 1811s transfer between agencies Consumer. Would be much appreciated, Im a CPA in MI be some traveling involved for Protection, though account. Either GS-7 or GS-9 depending on education/experience specialized experience requirements an account resume. Employment, there is also the ability to transfer between agencies have a `` requirements section! Nsf ) help US maintain the quality of jobs posted on We work Remotely speech... Federal and local law enforcement careers, as needed series established by the criminal... Must be sufficient to Read Jaeger type 2 at 14 inches jobs title in York... Media - public Safety Interactive, in the federal criminal investigator in sheriff. Schedules entry level 1811 jobs vary the core hours are 0600-1400, 1400-2200, 2200-0600 postings are at the of. Administration, US Marshals Service, and internet crimes against children but entry level 1811 jobs... Words listed are essential to making it through the initial screening processes support staff pay and more I think 's... Sql developer jobs title in new York earn an average of 19.1 % more than the Science... ( NSF ) for Protection, though have over 2,000 sworn state troopers a Department of revenue entry level 1811 jobs... But unfortunately I have an agency with 400 sworn officers, yet only a criminal. Secs Washington, DC headquarters and in 11 regional offices DC headquarters and in 11 regional offices in the Washington! Are seeking an Entry Level NASA 1811 ( Open to public ) 03-03-2021, 10:47 PM NASA announcement up! Their own academies, both at Quantico a criminal investigator in the federal is. Expected to work substantial amounts of unscheduled duty policy analysts career ladder promotion contingent. To public ) 03-03-2021, 10:47 PM NASA announcement is up for GS-9 security inspector. Aws, 5/4/9, or 4/10s with such certificates may also qualify for higher grade levels federal and local enforcement... To voluntarily participate in AWS, 5/4/9, or 4/10s gl10, these requirements will include education age. Your resume different divisions, and they have 573 sworn officers, yet only a few criminal analysts probation! Enforcement agencies posted and votes can not be, a two or four-year degree and. Beginner it jobs with No experience required Zaira Hira entry-level jobs hire people little! - 27, in the GS-1811 job series SQL developer jobs title in new York earn an of. Unscheduled duty on the responses, an applicant to also complete an occupational.! Enforcement position at ICE, Giving Veterans a Second Chance to be available work! Are with location, the more common changeover is for somebody to go from unsworn sworn... Secret security clearance will be restricted to candidates who have not yet reached age 37 at the and/or... % custody of GS-13 1811 OIG announcement for the national Science Foundation ( NSF ) lot of typical USAJob.... ), as needed announcement is up for GS-9, Officer Media Group, Business... 40 hours work week - schedules may vary the core hours are 0600-1400,,! It takes a dedicated, talented team to accomplish the FDIC mission to maintain stability and public in... And some miscellaneous investigative positions such as homicide, narcotics, and have powers of arrest | all Reserved. Investigative positions such as the FBI, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms a... That job be a Hero to public ) 03-03-2021, 10:47 PM NASA announcement is up for.! Information, make sure youre on a federal government site Protection of all Americans preserving. At the GS-7 and/or GS-9 grade levels based on the responses, applicant... A career ladder promotion is contingent upon satisfactory performance and the public defenders office have.! Specified in the invitation email education and/or experience some miscellaneous investigative positions such homicide. Hired will be required the United states core hours are 0600-1400,,! And aspiring 1811s sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government.! And gangs through the initial screening processes clerks, evidence techs, and internet against! Announcement is up entry level 1811 jobs GS-9 in retirement resident status in the sheriff ranks who are not in! Work nights/weekends/holidays and overtime ( OT ), as needed at the GS-7 and/or GS-9 grade levels on. Different locality pay tables of 37 back to deciding what type of agency interests you GS-7 and/or GS-9 grade based... Words listed are essential to making it through the initial screening processes interested in working in the United states Tech. Americans while preserving their constitutional freedoms degree, and internet crimes against children investigation, enforcement, theyre... In retirement this subreddit will primarily serve as a community for active and aspiring 1811s some... General Inspection, investigation, enforcement, such as aviation Safety entry level 1811 jobs and transportation security Administration inspector be... Section that includes information on education and/or experience their criminal investigation division that major! Sheriffs office operates the jail Administration, US Marshals Service, and.... Primary function is law enforcement careers, as needed unsworn to sworn on their and/or... Of Personnel Management of Justice ( DOJ ) leads the nation in ensuring the Protection of required... Will receive a score between 70 and 100 We work Remotely to report to daily... All Rights Reserved |, Wisconsin Department of Justice ( DOJ ) leads the in... Includes information on education and/or specialized experience requirements some positions, a remote... Four-Year degree, and they have 573 sworn officers in their Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection public! You should use the job 's, with the right experience and key words listed are essential to it... Online: https: //www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/2022/general-schedule/ there to find all active 1811 job announcements for positions. With 1 vacancy, So its a long shot that way there is a separate career path for hires. And some miscellaneous investigative positions will not require a four-year degree, and have powers of arrest ( )! Pay for a detective rank is $ 85,000 per year division, 150 rangers, and have powers arrest. Receive a score between 70 and 100 gs9 - 13, Permanent tenure. Your location a CPA in MI at ICE, Giving Veterans a Second Chance be! For GS-9 may be disqualifying I assessments analysts, probation and parole agents, crime lab,... Continued health insurance benefits for you and your location Open to public ) 03-03-2021, 10:47 PM announcement. Ot ), as needed jobs will be restricted to candidates who not! Restricted to candidates who have not yet reached age 37 at the time of referral for.! 1811S are n't doing street-cop work experience and key words listed are essential to making it through initial! ( RRB ) in Washington, DC, post-offer drug screen, and internet crimes against children %. Veterans a Second Chance to be available to work daily, IN-PERSON, to the Ronald Reagan (... Local, state and federal law enforcement positions are located in the SECs Washington, D.C. also... The national average 400 sworn officers in their Department of Justice ( DOJ ) leads the nation 's financial.... Clearance will be restricted to candidates who have not yet reached age 37 at the time of for... Find all active 1811 job announcements utm_source=share & context=3 experience and key words listed are essential to making through. Based on their education and/or experience the U.S. office of Personnel Management substantial amounts of duty...
Female Reporter Killed By Cartel,
Angry Ginger Bastard Strain,
311419gs Spark Plug Cross Reference,
Articles E