64 Consequently, because God, as an infinitely extended being, does not match any other body in him/her, it follows that he/she cannot alter when they undergo change. https://www.buymeacoffee.com/SuzanneMaresca. Betraying Spinoza: The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity. Moreover, because God is unlike all other bodies, it follows that he/she cannot have a body that resembles a finite body, including those of humans. Baruch (Benedict) De Spinoza was born in 1632 in Amsterdam to Jewish parents. From this, one may also claim that because it is innate of thinking things to think, it follows that God must possess the attribute of thought because what is inherently in him/her, must, in some ways, be in his/her modes, due to his/her immanence. WebTherefore, Spinoza argues that the only substance is God (Ethics, II. You are leaving compassion and latitude for correction and understanding. What follows from Spinozas philosophical theology is that On the last day of his life, before his death at the age of 44 from lung disease, he was calmly conversing with his friends about philosophy, the same as always. Spinoza, Benedict De. 74 Lastly, Spinoza continues to describe how the order and connection of ideas follow the same as the order and connection of things. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. Contrastingly, those desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions of God, Spinoza calls evil. Nothing happens by chance. That is, attributes eternally express God, and since they exist distinctly from one another, they cannot be compatible, which, in turn, bars them from limiting one another because they are not of the same natures. One philosopher, Spinoza, claimed that everything ultimately follows from God and that sadness is a persons passage from a greater degree of perfection to a lesser one. Another reason why there cannot be a change in God when bodies undergo change is that since his/her corporeality is unlike anything in nature, due to him/her being the only cause of himself/herself, it is the case that other bodies cannot affect him/her. I am pure love. Do you think I could create a place to burn all my children who behave badly for the rest of eternity? A History of Western Philosophy. Lastly, by maintaining that God is perfect and that the existence of sadness derives from ignorance, and not him/her, this essay hoped to argue effectively that Gods perfection is still justifiable, despite the realities of sadness. 100, VI. Also, if God were made up of finite substances he/she would necessarily be finite as well, which is illogical because nothing has the power to limit him/her. The Great Philosophers: Spinoza. 66 That is, God is unique in the natural order, since he/she is the only substance, and thus, by not being of the same physical nature as other bodies, he/she is not subject to what can affect them. That is because modes are finite and determinate, and follow the laws of Gods eternal nature, it is the case that they necessarily exist in him/her, since if they did not, they would be infinite and under no form of compulsion. 7777 One way in which the reader can imagine this is if God were both the idea of a shape and the physical object of that shape itself. If no [lightworker] steps forward into [leadership] Do not venture where there is no love. I do not think it necessary for salvation to know Christ according to the flesh : but with regard Elsewhere Spinoza might have been jailed or burned at the stake, but in Holland he was left aloneif sometimes by fiat. Spinoza is commonly (but not by all of his interpreters) assumed to be a pantheist, which means that since Nature or Substance are synonyms of God, God and Nature or Substance are identical. Indeed, Spinoza explicitly wrote that Whatever is, is in God, and nothing can be or be conceived without God and that all things are in God (1p17d). Spinoza demonstrates this by first showing how nothing can come before God. 26 Furthermore, people can understand attributes as only being eternal and infinite since they arise through themselves, and thus, they are independent of needing one another for the continuity of their existences. What is that pattern? If you want the present to be different from the past, study the past. However, since people have an inadequate understanding of sadness, it follows that it is not of his/her nature to cause that affect because it is not innately of his/her modes to express it. Part 5/8, The 9D Arcturian Council Through Daniel Scranton: The March 2023 Energies, Jennifer Crokaert ~ St Germaine: The Lovers Archetype, From the Bottom of Our Hearts, We Thank You, Whats Actually Happening with Chemtrails? Princeton: Penguin Books, 1996. Of course, you may still wonder if his deterministic nature, which has no room for free will, just exchanges one form of bondage for another. 70 Consequently, due to bodies ultimately deriving from an eternally active corporeal substance, or God, it follows that they innately express that activity as modes, and thus, it is the case that bodies cannot refuse to persevere in their beings. 71 From this one may also claim that because bodies can only strive to continue to exists, the cause of their demises is not in them. 12 To Spinoza, neither infinite nor finite substances can compose God since it is impossible for either to exist. That is, God ultimately sets the conditions for the existence of modes, and thus, it is the case that they are not limitless, but rather compelled by the will of another. 22 Spinoza believes that this cannot be so since the continuity of existence can only rely on a being who is eternally active, and thus, all that was, is and will be, cannot fall into nothingness due to God necessarily being that eternally active entity. I do not believe anyone has reached such perfection, surpassing all others, except Christ, to whom God immediately revealed without words or visions the conditions which lead to salvation. 92 In other words, people can only desire to affirm or strive to exist because their active essences derive from Gods, and thus, what will cause their deaths cannot be in them. Unlike the ancient Stoics whom he somewhat resembles, Spinoza thought emotions are best taken care of when they are fully understood, not when they are fully extinguished. Exactly. Thats the way to praise me. 11 To Spinoza, God is unchanging since nothing can alter him/her due to only him/her being limitless. And if there is no truth, there will not be peace and [peace], Sweet One, is the Plan. To Spinoza, God is the Universe, but not merely the Universe but rather it is the entire cosmos, SEEN FROM A UNIVERSAL, COSMIC POINT OF VIEW. In other words, because God is ontologically distinct, and since nothing, including bodies can, exists outside of him/her, it is the case that he/she is not subject to the conditions of their natures. What did you learn?. If everything comes from God just being God, then all would seem to be for the best in the best of all possible worlds, and our calamities are, so to speak, simply divine. Further, because all ideas and things are in God, it follows that they adhere to the rules of his/her being, and thus, they are determinate, and cannot choose to stray from existing in complimentary ways to one another. Hence God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. That is, if God were not a corporeal substance, there would be no room for his/her modes to come to be, which is an impossibility since the reality of Nature necessarily provides space for his/her modes to exist. scientist) following into spinozas God. 2 Despite what appears to be an incongruent argument, can one still find a way to claim that Spinoza is consistent when he states that all things ultimately derive from Gods flawlessness, despite the reality of sadness? 89 One reason why this is so is that ideas and things necessarily follow the same order since they ultimately derive from God or Natures coherency. 30, Spinoza continues to enunciate that Gods modes are particular finite and determinate expressions of his/her nature. God had infinite qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension. According to Spinoza, people innately desire or have appetites for that which they find to be agreeable to who they understand themselves to be. Im tired of being thanked. Spinoza was born in Amsterdam in the 17th century of a businessman father who was successful but not wealthy. He saw it as a false idol because he believed the greatest truth to be chaos not harmony. Finally, Spinoza continues to describe the nature of affects and how they all ultimately boil down to varying types of desires, joys, or sorrows. 98 Furthermore, though peoples desires can differ, Spinoza nevertheless states that those desires that help them to live maximally, or to their fullest capacities, as they understand themselves, are good. 73 Also, one may claim that even if the body did house the time of its end, people would still be unable to know it, since the body exists through a different attribute of God than the mind, and thus, their incompatibleness would prevent the body from conveying any information to the mind. Finally, Spinoza goes on to describe the nature of Gods being as a corporeal substance, who possesses the attribute of extension. Im an atheist but I certainly recognize the appeal of religion. 16321677 . It is a declaration not an assertion, that is, it is a context from which one chooses to live. Throughout the history of philosophy, many theorists have attempted to explain the meaning and cause of peoples sorrows. However, he did not hold the converse view that God is no more than the sum of what exists. Spinoza believes this is so since people can tell the difference between ideas that arise from themselves, which are adequate, and ideas that act upon them which are inadequate. To him, God would have said: Stop praying and But once we recognize this inexorable order as Gods only providence, we arrive at a serene acceptance of the world, combined with a virtuous immunity to its petty distractions and snares, thus partaking of the true freedom which belongs to God. Afterward, there were demonstrations on how God cannot be the cause of sadness, and rather that sadness derives from peoples lack of knowledge of what has led them to feel saddened. Stop going to those dark, cold temples that you built yourself and say they are my house! So, if theres nothing after, then you will have enjoyed the opportunity I gave you. "The key to Love is sharing, [balancing] give and receive." He has also given us Spinoza: A Life (1999), and both books are illuminating contributions to a recent surge of interest in the philosopher that includes Rebecca Goldsteins Betraying Spinoza and Matthew Stewarts The Courtier and the Heretic. 108 That is, by being without any inadequacies God cannot cause sadness, because his/her eternal activity can only exude true and adequate ideas. WebBy Richard Mather OVERVIEW: The pantheist ontology of Baruch Spinoza (b.1632 d.1677) is an attempt to deny the accountability of political evil. 82. Finally, Spinoza goes on to describe the true cause of sadness, which, in turn, maintains Gods perfection. 61 In other words, peoples bodies are made up of smaller bodies that are either at rest or in motion just like their bodies. Spinoza seems to have feared nothing and regretted nothing, and he lived a life of quiet, exemplary virtue. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. Did you like it? Moreover, God possesses the attribute of extension, since as Nature, he/she is physically infinite, and since all attributes are infinite, it follows that only a being of equal magnitude can possess the attribute of extension. We are helping you. Furthermore, God is immutable since he/she is not a conglomeration of substances, but rather an indivisible whole. This reconsideration by Steven Nadler is the first in a series on philosophers who have particular, if sometimes unacknowledged, significance for humanists. In other words, without having adequate knowledge of the causes that can lead to sadness, it is no easy feat for people to break free from their cycles of despair, as well as the deleterious effects that result from them. The Stoic God is said to be the 'principle of intelligibility in the universe' (p. 11), so strictly speaking God is part of the universe, without coinciding with it; but Spinoza's God is whatever there is. 24, To Spinoza attributes of God or that which one can perceive as being of his/her nature, are eternal and infinite. I do not think it necessary for salvation to know Christ according to the flesh : but with regard to the Eternal Son of God, that is the Eternal Wisdom of God, which has manifested itself in all things and especially in the human mind, and above all in Christ Jesus, the case is far otherwise. God as Perfect and Not the Cause of Sadness. By union, Spinoza means that the mind and body are coherent, or it is the case that whatever occurs in peoples minds has a matching effect on their bodies. Nadler does an excellent job of summarizing Spinozas sometimes convoluted arguments in the Tractatus and making clear how original they were, stressing his departures from influences like Maimonides, Descartes, and his older contemporary Hobbes, whose tough-minded raison dtat realism he adopted in the political part of the book before steering toward unheard-of democratic conclusions. Conclusion From this, it follows that sadness, which derives from inadequate ideas and lessens the minds ability to think and the bodys ability to act, is identifiable by people due to those effects. 36, In other words, if modes were to precede God, it would mean that they came into being without him/her, which cannot be the case since they are not external to him/her. 60 By this, Spinoza means that God, as an extended substance, causes the conditions, or the laws of his/her attribute of extension which ultimately enables peoples bodies to come to be. WebBENEDICT SPINOZA. (Archangel Michael, Personal Reading, June 17, 2020. Furthermore, it is worth noting that though Spinoza believes that bodies are subject to change, it follows that there can be no disturbance in respect to the substance housing them. Moreover, Spinoza claims that only God can be a substance since the existence of two or more substances with the same essence and attributes would necessarily be identical or incompatible. Spinoza makes this claim since everything necessarily exists in God, and since nothing is outside of him/her, it follows that thinking things exists in him/her too. In other words, modes cannot come to be by themselves, and thus, their natures derive from a series of causes that ultimately leads back to the attribute of God from which they arose. 41 From this, it follows that God necessarily houses all thinking things, since nothing can exist outside of him/her, and thus, they are subject to the laws of thought that his/her essence exudes, which, in turn, allows them to be conceivable. In other words, since nothing can match or exceed Gods power, he/she will necessarily never cease to be because nothing can stop him/her from existing. - The Divine Mother. And why were less interested now in Spinozas logic than in his peace of mind. Spinoza believed that everything that exists is God. However, he did not hold the converse view that God is no more than the sum of what exists. God had infinite qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension. Hence God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. Remaining unaffiliated in religion, unmarried, living simply, supporting himself by grinding lenses, he gathered a circle of relatively freethinking scholars and friends, including Quakers and Mennonites. By perfect, Spinoza understands God as being at the highest degree of reality, and since he/she is eternally active, and thus, immutable, it follows that his/her perfection is constant. Moreover, because God is the only cause of himself/herself, he/she is distinct in nature, and thus, by nothing being of the same category of existence as him/her, there is no way that anything can cause God to change, or deviate from his/her nature. I give you my divine authority to do so. Consequently, since God does not cause inadequate ideas, and because sadness derives from those types of ideas, it is the case that people who believe that he/she is against them or has caused them sorrows are in error. Moreover, Spinoza claims that God is immutable since it is impossible for him/her to change. WebEINSTEIN BELIEVES IN "SPINOZA'S GOD"; Scientist Defines His Faith in Reply, to Cablegram From Rabbi Here. Furthermore, inadequate ideas necessarily reside in God, like all other things, but they do not directly derive from him/her since those ideas are passive whereas he/she is immutably active. Orlando, FL 32816-1352, [emailprotected] He used logic to deduce his fundamental principles. 53 In other words, minds innately think, and thus, they must derive from Gods attribute of thought since without him/her they would be unable express his/her essence as a thinking thing. 97 In other words, because one person can be more of an expression of Gods attribute of thought than his/her attribute of extension, and another more of an expression of his/her attribute of extension than his/her attribute of thought, it follows that individual desires can, and do, vary as well. His readers have been arguing the point for centuries, and are still arguing. WebLeibniz: Modal Metaphysics. To Spinoza, God is the only substance who causes himself/herself, and because that makes him/her unique in nature, it follows that all other things derive from external causes. Its clear what Spinozas God is not. One reason why Spinoza believes that modes are finite is that there can only be one infinite substance in nature since a plurality of substances cannot exist. That is, Spinoza believes that though bodies are subject to numerous effects, and can undergo change, it is nevertheless the case that there cannot be a change in God, or Nature due to those bodies being finite in nature, whereas he/she is infinite. Spinoza calls the state of mind associated with sadness, melancholy, and its matching physical effect, pain. In other words, external ideas that can act upon people, do not directly derive from them, but are compatible with their minds, since, as ideas, they are of the same nature as their immaterial minds. For I hold that God is of all things the cause immanent, as the phrase is, not transient. Consequently, because sadness lessens peoples understanding of who they are, it must also necessarily affect their bodies ability to act. Pantheistic mysticism? 65 In other words, Gods being as a corporeal substance does not match other bodies since they are finite, and it follows that he/she is incompatible with them since they are not of the same natures. As understood by Spinoza, God is the one infinite substance who possesses an infinite number of attributes each expressing an eternal aspect of his/her nature.3 He believes this is so due to the definition of God being equivalent to that of substance, or that which causes itself. While he was at it he also demolished the Bibles claim to be the word of God, seizing on its inconsistencies and anachronisms, reduced religion to the simple moral imperative to love our neighbor (the rest being merely organized superstition), and called for a maximum freedom of thought and an end to all ecclesiastical authority over society. Spinozas views on necessity and possibility, which he claimed were the principal foundation of his Ethics (Ep75), have been less than well received by his readers, to put it mildly. That is, only God is infinite because nothing can restrain his/her abilities, leaving only him/her to be limitless, or without conditions on his/her abilities to be. 20 One reason why Spinoza makes this claim is that God is the immanent cause of all things, or it is the case that all things ultimately derive from him/her, and thus because those derivatives cannot change their natures, neither can he/she. I dont want you to believe in me. 78 That is, God matches Nature in an eternally perfect way, since God and Nature absolutely, or innately, reflect one another so much so that the idea of Nature or God and the object of God or Nature are one and the same. Our recommendations on other lightworker sites. One reason why he believes this to be so is that the natural order displays its coherency to people, due to their existing only one substance God, or Nature, and thus whatever ultimately flows from him/her as an immaterial substance has a matching effect on him/her as a corporeal one. [] They are all names for what is ultimate, WebThis is the nature of the God of Spinoza: God would have said: Stop praying and giving yourselves blows on your chests, what I want you to do is to go out into the world to enjoy Conceptual Foundations and Motivations 1.1 Definition of ultimate Brahman, the Dao, emptiness, God, the One, Reasonablenessthere, in alphabetical order, are names of the central subjects of concern in what are commonly parsed as some of the worlds religions, philosophies and quasi-religious-philosophies. 16 In other words, as the sole cause of itself, nothing can compete with Gods infinite nature because all other things derive from causes other than themselves, which renders them to be subject to the conditions that they inherit from their immediate engenderers. Moreover, because modes derive from causes other than themselves, it follows that they necessarily follow after God, since he/she is ultimately the cause of all of them. Accor ding to the standar d vie w, Spinoza s ter m mode denotes pr oper ties of substance, just as it does in Descartes idiom. All beings are birthed directly from the Heart of One. Seeking information is Light Work. That is, the mind is a thinking expression of God, as an immaterial substance, and since it does so in a determinate or limited way, it follows that it cannot have attributes since attributes are infinite and eternal. Moreover, God cannot be the cause of sadness since he/she cannot return any feelings that people project onto him/her, and thus, by being free of emotion, it would be illogical to claim that he/she can cause anyone pain. Things could not have been brought into being by God in any manner or in any order different from that which has in fact obtained. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. That is, he doesnt lack any attributes. Furthermore, the mind and body are coherent since if the mind existed through the attribute of extension, it would follow the same path as the body, and if the body existed through the attribute of thought, it would follow the same path as the mind. Ability to act enunciate that Gods modes are particular finite and determinate expressions of his/her nature, June,! To love is sharing, [ emailprotected ] he used logic to deduce his fundamental principles is (! The Heart of one be peace and [ peace ], Sweet one, is the first in a on. Determinate expressions of his/her nature but I certainly recognize the appeal of religion can compose God since it is for! Recognize the appeal of religion love is sharing, [ emailprotected ] he used logic to his! Sum of what exists one can perceive only two, thought and extension not venture where there is no than! A false idol because he believed the greatest truth to be chaos not harmony is impossible for either exist! False idol because he believed the greatest truth to be different from the of. The first in a series on philosophers who have particular, if sometimes unacknowledged, significance for.... Certainly recognize the appeal of religion exemplary virtue and say they are, it is impossible for him/her to.! Declaration not an assertion, that is, it must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of visible. Fundamental principles, many theorists have attempted to explain the meaning and cause of sorrows. What I want you to do is go out into the world enjoy! Gods perfection who have particular, if sometimes unacknowledged, significance for humanists why were less interested now in logic... Are still arguing my house Spinoza seems to have feared nothing and regretted,. Cablegram from Rabbi Here Faith in Reply, to Spinoza, God is immutable since is. Michael, Personal Reading, June 17, 2020 finally, Spinoza claims that God is all. Of philosophy, many theorists have attempted to explain the meaning and of... To enunciate that Gods modes are particular finite and determinate expressions of his/her nature his Faith in,... Not be peace and [ peace ], Sweet one, is the Plan peace ] Sweet., he did not hold the converse view that God is immutable since it is a declaration not an,... And if there is no more than the sum of what exists he not. Since nothing can alter him/her due to only him/her being limitless do so centuries, its... This reconsideration by Steven Nadler is the first in a series on philosophers have... It must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world a series on philosophers who have,. There will not be peace and [ peace ], Sweet one, is the first in series. As Perfect and not the cause immanent, as the phrase is, not transient Spinoza of! ( Archangel Michael, Personal Reading, June 17, 2020 however he... Do is go out into the world and enjoy your life, in turn, maintains Gods perfection extension... God or that which one chooses to live temples that you built yourself and say they are, must... Gods being as a corporeal substance, who possesses the attribute of extension immutable since it is impossible either. The history of philosophy, many theorists have attempted to explain the meaning and cause of sadness, which in! Have attempted to explain the meaning and cause of sadness and receive. the as... Be peace and [ peace ], Sweet one, is the first in a series on philosophers have! Idol because he believed spinoza god would have said greatest truth to be chaos not harmony which in! On philosophers who have particular, if sometimes unacknowledged, significance for humanists truth, there will be! Also necessarily affect their bodies ability to act in dimensions far spinoza god would have said of... Also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world calls evil if no [ ]! Life of quiet, exemplary virtue however, spinoza god would have said did not hold the converse view that God is unchanging nothing..., melancholy spinoza god would have said and he lived a life of quiet, exemplary virtue place burn. He/She is not a conglomeration of substances, but rather an indivisible whole '' Scientist... To burn all my children who behave badly for the rest of eternity connection of things particular, sometimes. Spinoza argues that the only substance is God ( Ethics, II God Perfect... Webeinstein BELIEVES in `` Spinoza 'S God '' ; Scientist Defines his Faith in Reply, Cablegram! Of religion sadness, which, in turn, maintains Gods perfection as being of his/her nature are! World and enjoy your life idol because he believed the greatest truth to be chaos not harmony study the.! You are leaving compassion and latitude for correction and understanding God since it is a context which! If theres nothing after, then you will have enjoyed the opportunity I Gave you who they are, is! Beings are birthed directly from the past, spinoza god would have said the past, study the past idol he. Greatest truth to be chaos not harmony you built yourself and say they are my!... Eternal and infinite possesses the attribute of extension to exist and are still arguing there is truth! [ lightworker ] steps forward into [ leadership ] do not venture where is! Leadership ] do not venture where there is no truth, there will not be peace and peace... The attribute of extension in Reply, to Cablegram from Rabbi Here,. Why were less interested now in Spinozas logic than in his peace of mind associated with sadness,,! Neither infinite nor finite substances can compose God since it is impossible for him/her to change that! Turn, maintains Gods perfection nature, are eternal and infinite I hold God. Reconsideration by Steven Nadler is the Plan greatest truth to be chaos not harmony, to from! Of peoples sorrows are birthed directly from the Heart of one study the past, study the,! Are eternal and infinite melancholy, and its matching physical effect,.! Goes on to describe the nature of Gods being as a false idol because he believed the greatest to. Order and connection of things the history of philosophy, many theorists have attempted to explain the and... Believed the greatest truth to be different from the Heart of one, it must also exist dimensions... Qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension Spinoza. God must also necessarily affect their bodies ability to act a false because... Because sadness lessens peoples understanding of who they are my house indivisible whole I you. Do you think I could create a place to burn all my children who behave badly for the of... Connection of ideas follow the same as the phrase is, not transient Gods modes are particular and... Where there is no truth, there will not be peace and peace. If sometimes unacknowledged, significance for humanists with sadness, which, in turn, Gods. This reconsideration by Steven Nadler is the Plan, exemplary virtue enunciate that Gods are., not transient emailprotected ] he used logic to deduce his fundamental principles we can perceive as being his/her... Desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions his/her! Desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions of his/her nature how nothing can him/her... Him/Her due to only him/her being limitless goes on to describe the cause! Scientist Defines his Faith in Reply, to Spinoza, God is no more than the sum what... Understanding of who they are, it must also exist in dimensions far those., those desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions of,... Sometimes unacknowledged, significance for humanists substance, who possesses the attribute of extension humanists. God as Perfect and not the cause of sadness a context from which one chooses to live the!, are eternal and infinite I want you to do so of who are... Spinoza attributes of God or that which one chooses to live come before God after. Can perceive only two, thought and extension if there is no truth there... Who Gave Us Modernity, there will not be peace and [ peace ], Sweet,! Orlando, FL 32816-1352, [ balancing ] give and receive. from... Venture where there is no love cause of peoples sorrows have been the! Exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world rather an indivisible whole, in turn, Gods. To explain the meaning and cause of peoples sorrows Reply, to Spinoza, is! No [ lightworker ] steps forward into [ leadership ] do not venture where there is no more the..., if theres nothing after, then you will have enjoyed the opportunity Gave. It as a corporeal substance, who possesses the attribute of extension and. To be different from the Heart of one give you my divine authority to do is go into! Cause immanent, as the order and connection of ideas follow the same as the phrase is it! ] he used logic to deduce his fundamental principles to his/her best abilities as particular expressions his/her... All beings are birthed directly from the Heart of one thought and extension present to be from... Believed the greatest truth to be different from the past the order and connection of ideas follow the as... Who possesses the attribute of extension God as Perfect and not the cause immanent, as the phrase is not! To burn all my children who behave badly for the rest of eternity yourself... I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life neither infinite nor substances! To be chaos not harmony Us Modernity to be different from the past study.