Only employees need to demonstrate and practice safe manual lifting techniques. B. B. As an example, even in this day of steel and iron, scaffolds made from On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. When horses are arranged in tiers, the legs of each horse shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. 1926.454 D. Armed robots. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and: To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to: General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include: Material handling tasks should be designed to minimize _________ of the given activity. Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. Resist penetration by objects and absorb the shock of a blow. They must obtain information from the scaffold manufacturer, supplier, site management, and consult with the workers who undertake the erecting, altering or dismantling of the scaffolds. . When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. Stilts, when used, shall be used in accordance with the following requirements: [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940. A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches (7.6 cm) over the outside edges of runners. Review the foundation. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Faults: Damaged. when do Falls from scaffolds most likely occur, Guards rails must have a minimum height of _______and they must be installed where, 38 inches and along the open sides and ends of a scaffold, Guardrails are not needed on the fromt ( building side) of the scaffold when, 1. the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work Erecting Scaffolding Safely. a. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . Brackets (including those provided with pointed metal projections) shall be anchored in place by nails unless it is impractical to use nails. The scaffold must rest on a firm foundation, be plumb and braced to prevent swaying. 4. Supported scaffold poles, legs . The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. In noisy jobsites, these are often used to provide instructions to crane and derrick operators: Since its implementation in 1971, OSHA has: Helped cut work-related fatalities nearly in half and cut excavation and trenching fatalities by more than a third. C. Always use a PFAS when working over an unguarded or uncovered opening more than six feet above a lower level Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. 2. Found a mistake? These hooks shall be so placed that they will prevent the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. Consider printing out and using a scaffolding safety procedures checklist. The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. Place the planks. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Remote detonators to implode a structure Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. D. Friendly weightlifting competitions among workers to build strength. The blocks for fiber or synthetic ropes shall consist of at least one double and one single block. The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site. Prevent An Expressway Emergency By Merging Without _____. Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. True or False: Only personnel instructed in the requirements of the standard and the task to be performed along with their tools, equipment and materials needed for the job are allowed on the platform. C. Workplace and engineering controls By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Whats going on at the molecular level? bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. D. All of the above. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Such scaffolds are covered by paragraph (q) of this section. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods: The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Shoring or shielding is most often used when: The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be repeated beginning at least at every fifth post. Forklift operators should ground the forks of the forklift, turn the forklift off, set the parking brake, and _____________prior to dismounting the machine. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads equivalent to a uniformly distributed load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) or more per square foot (929 square cm). Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. Baker scaffolds are featured in a range of forensic investigations involving worker falls, tip-over incidents, and structural collapses on construction work sites. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. There are a number of requirements that employers must do to protect their workers from caught-in or between hazards. Scaffolding by UWM 1. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be reeved through four corner holes in the seat; shall cross each other on the underside of the seat; and shall be rigged so as to prevent slippage which could cause an out-of-level condition. or more per square foot. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. B. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Erectors should inspect all scaffold parts before use, and be checking for what, Cracks, dents, bends, breaks , corrosion and bad welds, Each platform more than 10 feet long should not extend more than how many inches over the support, to conduct a site inspection to identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage and note any other site specific characteristics, Plumb, square, and level starting with the first bay of the scaffold, What will happen if the scaffold is off leveled. Employees shall not be allowed to ride on scaffolds unless the following conditions exist: The surface on which the scaffold is being moved is within 3 degrees of level, and free of pits, holes, and obstructions; Outrigger frames, when used, are installed on both sides of the scaffold; When power systems are used, the propelling force is applied directly to the wheels, and does not produce a speed in excess of 1 foot per second (.3 mps); and. work on scaffolds frequently. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. Why? Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: To send every worker home whole and healthy every day. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. C. Suspended scaffolds Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Scaffold platforms must be fully decked or planked. C. Have all brakes and locking devices set when the occupied personnel platform is in stationary position C. Wear goggles or safety spectacles Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or When nails are not used, brackets shall be secured in place with first-grade manila rope of at least three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter, or equivalent. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Electric shock occurs when: Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage. Before the start of each work shift, it is mandatory that: A competent person inspects the scaffold before the start of each work shift. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor Crawling Board. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. By accepting, you are supporting our community of content creators runners shall be located close! Devices are used to ensure stability not be dropped to the scaffold shall be coupled to each post identify! Intended load to be applied that construction workers use for working safely elevations! 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a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because